On 2nd August 6, 2012, people will put a new milestone in the history of space exploration. 5:31 minutes of light right now (or 12:31 now Vietnam), scientific research facilities operated nuclear Curiosity will reach Mars and began landing one of the most complex ever to today. Only 2 cases occurred, one is the entire staff at NASA will be happy to Curiosity goes wild on the signal sent from the red planet first or it will all sink in silence. Curiosity and the key to successful landing is a whole new layer of thermal barrier was first put to the test. Mars is known as the Bermuda Triangle of the solar system. More than half the mission ended with the failure to break into orbit or disappear when ships are landing on the red planet's surface. One of the reasons is the atmosphere of Mars. If a spaceship landed on Earth, the Moon's low gravity makes landing on the propulsion as a simple exercise. And when flying through Earth's atmosphere, the atmosphere also helps reduce speed enough to secure landing facilities in the wing or parachute. Intrusion Martian atmosphere: Thin layer of the atmosphere of Mars is the biggest obstacle for any probe. With pressure only 1/100 atmosphere, hard to stop something from being burnt when going through the Martian atmosphere. In addition, the atmosphere is too thin to be able to slow the break down of the object. So, when approaching the Martian atmosphere at a speed of 21,250 km / h and brake bearing more than 10 g's, Curiosity will be protected by coating the largest spacecraft ever built. In fact, penetration of NASA vehicles will fly through the sky of Mars, inclined at an angle and is protected by heat shields. Crust spacecraft will use the aerodynamic characteristics of the screen and the small motor to propel the vehicle to turn into an active object-oriented capabilities and even S-shaped island to reduce speed. This principle has been used on the command module of Apollo, but this is the first time been applied in a planetary exploration mission. Heat shield by means of exploration Curiosity. The key to exploration Curiosity means contained within can survive the heat shield with a diameter of 4.5 m. This is a large shield size not seen in a space mission. Weighing 899 kg, Curiosity is an exploration robot-operated nuclear power, size SUV with specialized equipment including a laser gun can vaporize rock. In response to the red planet's surface, it needs a means of entry are large enough and strong enough for the total weight is 2431 kg. In this case, Curiosity is surrounded by a shell of the spacecraft looks like a bowl on a dish upside. This plate is a heat shield. Heat shield not only large but also property design was used on the Stardust spacecraft mission to bring samples collected from the tail of a comet and send them back to Earth. Heat and pressure that will bear the shield is much larger than all other Mars probes face each temperature up to 2100 degrees C. To protect, wall panels made of carbon phenolic embedded ablator (PICA) by the research center of NASA Ames invented. Although NASA heat shield test the model best environmental testing of the atmosphere on Mars, but the model is only a model, so the shield was developed with a huge margin risk. NASA hopes to learn a lot from the effect of the screen and to gain experience, the shield has been integrated package amphibious equipment, reduced height and penetration of laboratory Mars (MEDLI). This is a package consisting of 14 sensors with 7 pressure sensors to record the atmospheric data and 7 sensor contains a temperature sensor. Due to the heat shield performance in a football way split (unburnt layer to another layer) to protect the vehicle interior, the temperature sensors will be located at many different depths in the barrier. Thereby, the wear and tear of materials can be identified. All 14 sensors are connected to an electronic box to enter data into the lander. The data is then combined with information about the speed change. From this data, scientists and engineers are hoping not only look at the Martian atmosphere, they can also evaluate the effectiveness of the shield. During landing, the measurement is done 8 times per second and the computer continuously recorded on Curiosity. 24 seconds after the matter was extracted at 11 km altitude, the heat shield will be automatically removed, the end of their duty to protect. Meanwhile, the rest of the spacecraft shell with rocket propulsion systems with the means to explore Curiosity will gradually lower the height, landing on the red planet's surface. The data collected from MEDLI Curiosity will be stored and transmitted to Earth during the first month after setting foot on Mars. In the video below, members of NASA have revealed the challenges faced by Curiosity Mars landing. Hopefully everything will go smoothly: By: Gizmag ...
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